The question of how life appeared on Earth has intrigued generations. Some researchers are now putting forward an unexpected ...

Information theory is a branch of mathematics and computer science that deals with the representation, transmission, and manipulation of information. It is based on a number of generally accepted ...

Information could become the fifth state of matter alongside gas, plasma, liquid, and solid states. A scientist has proposed ...

Using a widely known field of mathematics designed mainly to study how digital and other forms of information are measured, stored and shared, scientists say they have uncovered a likely key genetic ...

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is a widely discussed—and, by some, strongly promoted —“mathematical theory of consciousness” developed over the past 10-20 years or so, mainly by neuroscientist ...

Subhash Kak does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their ...

Despite the near-universal assumption of individuality in biology, there is little agreement about what individuals are and few rigorous quantitative methods for their identification. A new approach ...

Gravity, long the sovereign force in the cosmic hierarchy, may be little more than a statistical side effect a byproduct of entropy, not a fundamental interaction. That is the provocative assertion ...

Tim Bayne is affiliated with the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR). Science is hard. The science of consciousness is particularly hard, beset with philosophical difficulties and a ...

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is a widely discussed—and, by some, strongly promoted —“mathematical theory of consciousness” developed over the past 10-20 years or so, mainly by neuroscientist ...