Around A.D. 79, Roman author Pliny the Elder wrote in his Naturalis Historia that concrete structures in harbors, exposed to the constant assault of the saltwater waves, become “a single stone mass, ...

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is widely used to achieve durable and sustainable concrete in modern construction. In the present study, the potential use of natural volcanic ash in the manufacturing ...

One of the main benefits of pozzolanic materials (derived from the volcanic ash the Romans used in their cement mixes) is its potential to significantly lower CO ₂ emissions in cement production.

With its expected 30% to 50% lower capital expense and 20% to 40% lower operating cost than traditional zero-discharge systems, a new approach to compliance with the EPA’s effluent limitation ...