Lost notes reveal Galileo closely studied the ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy, offering fresh insight into his early scientific thinking.

Handwriting analysis determined that the famed astronomer made notes in this copy of the ancient Greek text in the 1590s, decades before his own observations via telescope revolutionized our ...

The renowned physicist, mathematician, and philosopher would later reject the ideas presented in this very book.

In January, while examining ancient texts at Italy’s National Central Library of Florence, historian Ivan Malara found an ...