in a system at equilibrium. Ternary System: A system involving three components, typically represented in a triangular phase diagram. Quaternary System: A system involving four components ...

temperature relationships in binary and ternary phase diagrams, including fundamental electrochemical understanding and to develop an understanding of point defects and their role in diffusion.

The following topics in classical thermodynamics will be covered: The laws of thermodynamics; conditions for equilibrium Solutions Excess quantities Binary and ternary phase diagrams Additionally, the ...