Thousands of solar tornadoes swirl above the sun’s surface at any given moment. These remarkable photos give us a glimpse at these stunning cosmic phenomena.

As more satellites are launched into orbit, space agencies are looking at how to predict space weather events that could harm ...

The surface-accuracy design criterion for the next-generation reflector antennas for the deep-space instrumentation project in China was 0.1 mm rms. However, these antennas have no radome or ...

In the contemporary world, where the escalating demand for energy and the imperative for sustainable sources, notably solar energy, have taken precedence, the investigation into solar radiation (SR) ...

Abstract Solar energy emerges as a promising sustainable source of energy, capable of meeting energy demand and mitigating issues related to climate change. To evaluate its availability, we can use ...

Direct solar irradiance (also referred to as direct normal irradiance) is a measure of the rate of solar energy arriving at the Earth's surface from the Sun's direct beam, on a plane perpendicular to ...

Methylmercury [MeHg(I)] in the aerobic surface water of lakes is thought to be rapidly degraded, but contrary to expectations, we show that MeHg(I) concentrations often increase during sunlight hours ...