The Ptolemaic Dynasty, established by the Macedonian Greek general Ptolemy I Soter, ruled Egypt for almost three centuries.

The Harvard musical world resembles a huge unwieldy Ptolemaic universe--full of irregular and continuing spheres and orbits. The sphere closest to the center is the one containing the musical ...

Seconds after the Big Bang, the Universe exhibited an astonishing simplicity ... critiques inflation theory as a modern equivalent of Ptolemaic epicycles, dependent on hypothetical constructs ...