The geologic record of Earth’s history is 4.6 billion years long. It contains the history of life on Earth and the formation of the continents and oceans which cover the planet today. There are, ...

RGM is an open-source package for generating realistic random geological models, including medium parameter models $(V_p, V_s, \rho)$, seismic images (PP, PS, SP, SS images, or just PP image), ...

Geologists have long struggled to understand massive time gaps in Earth’s rock record, where millions—sometimes billions—of years are missing. Now, researchers at Utah State University have unveiled a ...

A schematic highlights the trellis or basket-weave pattern composed of tiny crystals of the iron-oxide mineral hematite that is diagnostic of the hematite pseudomorph, martite. The image at left is a ...

Iron oxide minerals are found in rocks around the globe. Some are magnetic. And some of them rust — especially when exposed to water and oxygen. These characteristics provide clues about the history ...

The Grand Canyon may rewrite the textbooks on the Cambrian Explosion—a key turning point in Earth's history when there was a sudden boom in complex life and the emergence of all the major animal ...

Around 700 million years ago, the Earth cooled so much that scientists believe massive ice sheets encased the entire planet like a giant snowball. This global deep freeze, known as Snowball Earth, ...

Abstract: Deep learning (DL) has been widely used for various geological tasks but not much for seismic unconformity estimation because of the limited labeled training data. We propose the physical ...