The Song Dynasty began in 960 CE, following several decades of political chaos in China. China was divided and in the midst of civil war, with each faction trying to recreate the Empire and take ...

What was the role and life of women in the Middle Ages within medieval society? Their existence varied according to age and social status, their place within the family, their role in the couple, ...

The Celts are Indo-European peoples originating from the Danube Valley, who settled in much of Europe in antiquity. These tribes spoke the same language, with variations, and shared certain religious ...

In the Middle Ages, the imaginary is an integral part of reality. The world of that time cannot be conceived otherwise. Within this panorama, both real and wonderful, plants play a major role in ...

The Mediterranean has been at the heart of Roman history since the founding of Rome, and even more so as its imperialism developed. This allowed it to control the entire Mediterranean region within a ...

From 1792 to 1815, France experienced over twenty years of nearly unbroken warfare. The Empire, in this regard, merely continued the French Revolution, though it diverged in other respects. In this ...

The Rif War between 1921 and 1926 was a succession of armed conflicts. It pitted the Spanish and then French colonial powers against the Riffian Republic, led by Abdelkrim el-Khattabi. The Rif War was ...

The lesser evil, or the lesser of two evils, is an ethical principle that justifies choosing one evil in order to avoid a greater evil. The condition of the principle is that of a strictly binary ...

The gerousia (from the ancient Greek γερουσία / gerousía, derived from γέρων / gérôn, meaning “elder”) is the Spartan equivalent of the Senate: it is an aristocratic and oligarchic element, as opposed ...

Xibalba (freely translated as “Place of Fear”) – the underworld in Mayan mythology, ruled by spirits of diseases and death. Traditionally, the entrance to Xibalba was located in a cave near Cobán in ...

The Nemes is the most iconic headdress of the pharaohs, worn from the Old Kingdom to the Ptolemaic period. It is well-known to the public through numerous representations, notably the golden funerary ...

“All the Elves who fell into the hands of Melkor were imprisoned in Utumno before it was destroyed, and through slow and cruel arts, they were corrupted and made slaves; and thus Melkor generated the ...