Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)

Energy costs of Hannibal’s alpine crossing

Hannibal crossed the Alps with a large army containing 37 war elephants in 218 BC. Details of his route have scholars ...
PNAS

From molecular motors to chromosome architecture

From molecular motors to chromosome architecture The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology has called for a 33% increase in the number of science, technology, engineering, and ...
PNAS

Modeling autoimmune encephalitis with the human hippocampus

Modeling autoimmune encephalitis with the human hippocampus Join the global community of subscribers to PNAS, the flagship journal of the US National Academy of Sciences, a mission-driven nonprofit ...
PNAS

General inverse-cube thickness scaling of projectile penetration energy in ultrathin films

Ultrathin films of widely different materials exhibit a dramatic enhancement of projectile penetration resistance under high–velocity impact. Despite extensive simulations and experiments, a unifying ...
PNAS

With qualitative research, the risks of data sharing can outweigh the rewards

PNAS is among the many journals that have adopted data sharing policies, (1) with the goal of “promoting transparency, reproducibility, and accountability in research.” However, PNAS editors recently ...
PNAS

Subduction modulated the long-term oxygenation of Earth’s surface

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants # 2022YFF0800100 and 2023YFC2906601), the National Science and Technology Major Project of Deep Earth ...
PNAS

Interfacial electric fields create hyperalkaline shells on fatty acid–coated microdroplet aerosols

We gratefully acknowledge the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Virginia Tech for providing experimental support. This research was supported by the Sustainable Nanotechnology ...
PNAS

Habitat split drives assembly of less protective host microbiomes

Join the global community of subscribers to PNAS, the flagship journal of the US National Academy of Sciences, a mission-driven nonprofit society. PNAS is one of the world's most-cited scientific ...
PNAS

MOLECULAR COMPLEXES OF FLAVINS AND PHENOLS, IV. SEMIQUINONE HYDRIODIDE COMPLEXES

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellow. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory (contract no. AF19(628)414) and by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (contract no ...
PNAS

Intentions poorly explain how and why people engage in offensive and defensive forms of violence

Kunst et al. distinguish between offensive and defensive forms of violent extremism (1), arguing that these represent psychologically separable motivational systems with distinct individual and ...
PNAS

Molecular de-extinction looks to the past to find the molecules of the future

In a Philadelphia laboratory, a molecule that last circulated through the bloodstream of a woolly mammoth tens of thousands of years ago is killing bacteria again. The molecule, a short chain of amino ...
PNAS

Extremism does not stop at borders, and neither should our models

The Democracy Index finding holds up best. Its negative direct effect on offensive VEI (we use β for SDM coefficients throughout) survives spatial adjustment in every bivariate specification (Table 1) ...